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- Four measurement scales/levels 統計測量尺度:
| Scale | Description | Central Location | Dispersion | Sig Test |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Nominal 名目 |
Data consists of names or categories only. 僅能用來分類，不能計算 |
Mode 眾數 |
Information only | Chi-square |
|
Ordinal 排序 |
Data is arranged in some order but differences bt values cannot be determined or are meaningless. |
Median 中位數 |
Percentage | Sign of run test |
|
Interval 區間 |
Data is arrangedin order and differences can be found. There's no inherent starting point and ratios are meaningless. |
Arithmetic mean 算均 |
Standard or average deviation |
T-test, F-test. Correlation analysis |
|
Ratio 比率 |
An extension of the interval level that includes an inherent zero starting point. Both differences and ratios are meaningful. |
Geometric mean 幾何平均 |
Percent variation | X |
- Methods for collecting data:
Manual and Automatic methods.
- Data coding:
1. Coding by substitution - help to reduce data entry errors and the spaces needed for entries on a checksheet.
2. Coding by truncation of repetitive place values - remove reprtitive numbers.
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